Cancer Stem Cells by Gianpaolo Papaccio & Vincenzo Desiderio

Author:Gianpaolo Papaccio & Vincenzo Desiderio
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Springer New York, New York, NY

1.1 CSCs Xenografts

A fundamental problem in cancer research is the identification of the cell type capable of initiating and sustaining the growth of neoplastic clones. There is overwhelming evidence showing that virtually all cancers are clonal and represent the progeny of a single cell. What is less clear for most cancers is which cells within the tumor clone possess self-renewal activity and are capable of maintaining tumor growth [18].

To evaluate the tumor formation ability in vivo of CSCs a limiting dilution assay needs to be performed [5, 19]. This functional assay is useful for the quantitative analysis of cells with repopulating capacity.

The basic principle of a limiting-dilution assay is that one cell is required to produce 50 percent takes in recipient mice. To apply the limiting-dilution assay is necessary to determine the number of cells that give 50 percent takes in mice (TD50 cell number). If it is assumed that a positive take depends only upon the presence of one clonogenic cell in the injection, the possibility that a given implant will contain one cell with a repopulating potential will follow a Poisson distribution [20]. A limiting-dilution assay will normally use different concentrations of cells injected to identify the lowest CSCs cell concentration capable of forming a tumor.

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